网站开发价格对比初学者做电商怎么入手

笔者最近在测试星火大模型的时候，他们是使用websocket 来建立对话，而且星火大模型开放的测试代码，质量上不咋地（20231030记录），还需要对websocket有一定的了解，才适合自己微调。

安装：

pip install websocket
pip install websocket-client

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1 常见的websocket获取数据的方法

参考【python: websocket获取实时数据的几种常见链接方式】常见的两种。

1.1 第一种使用create_connection链接

需要pip install websocket-client (此方法不建议使用，链接不稳定，容易断，并且连接很耗时)

import time
from websocket import create_connectionurl = 'wss://i.cg.net/wi/ws'
while True:  # 一直链接，直到连接上就退出循环time.sleep(2)try:ws = create_connection(url)print(ws)breakexcept Exception as e:print('连接异常：', e)continue
while True:  # 连接上，退出第一个循环之后，此循环用于一直获取数据ws.send('{"event":"subscribe", "channel":"btc_usdt.ticker"}')response = ws.recv()print(response)

1.2 第二种：WebSocketApp + run_forever的方式

import websocketdef on_message(ws, message):  # 服务器有数据更新时，主动推送过来的数据print(message)def on_error(ws, error):  # 程序报错时，就会触发on_error事件print(error)def on_close(ws):print("Connection closed ……")def on_open(ws):  # 连接到服务器之后就会触发on_open事件，这里用于send数据req = '{"event":"subscribe", "channel":"btc_usdt.deep"}'print(req)ws.send(req)if __name__ == "__main__":websocket.enableTrace(True)ws = websocket.WebSocketApp("wss://i.cg.net/wi/ws",on_message=on_message,on_error=on_error,on_close=on_close)ws.on_open = on_openws.run_forever(ping_timeout=30)

第二种方式里面，run_forever其实是流式返回内容，大概可以看，流式输出的样例：

{"code":0,"sid":"5ebc0d6833b54909b4a51fbe75a5051a","status":0}
### error: 'content'{"code":0,"fileRefer":"{\"43816997a7a44a299d0bfb7c360c5838\":[2,0,1]}","sid":"5ebc0d6833b54909b4a51fbe75a5051a","status":99}
### error: 'content'{"code":0,"content":"橘","sid":"5ebc0d6833b54909b4a51fbe75a5051a","status":1}橘{"code":0,"content":"子。","sid":"5ebc0d6833b54909b4a51fbe75a5051a","status":1}子。{"code":0,"content":"","sid":"5ebc0d6833b54909b4a51fbe75a5051a","status":2}
### closed ###

那么run_forever流式输出，正常的内容如何保存呢，进入下一章

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2 针对run_forever内容保存

2.1 通过定义global变量来保存内容

参考【将Websocket数据保存到Pandas】
来看一下，文中的案例：

import jsonimport pandas as pd
import websocketdf = pd.DataFrame(columns=['foreignNotional', 'grossValue', 'homeNotional', 'price', 'side','size', 'symbol', 'tickDirection', 'timestamp', 'trdMatchID'])def on_message(ws, message):msg = json.loads(message)print(msg)global df# `ignore_index=True` has to be provided, otherwise you'll get# "Can only append a Series if ignore_index=True or if the Series has a name" errorsdf = df.append(msg, ignore_index=True)def on_error(ws, error):print(error)def on_close(ws):print("### closed ###")def on_open(ws):returnif __name__ == "__main__":ws = websocket.WebSocketApp("wss://www.bitmex.com/realtime?subscribe=trade:XBTUSD",on_open=on_open, on_message=on_message, on_error=on_error, on_close=on_close)ws.run_forever()

其中global df是在定义全局变量df，可以在函数中把流式数据拿出来，还是很不错的

2.2 通过CallbackToIterator()来返回

在开源项目中ChuanhuChatGPT，看到了使用的方式spark.py，个人还没有尝试，只是贴在这里。

贴一下这个函数：

class CallbackToIterator:def __init__(self):self.queue = deque()self.cond = Condition()self.finished = Falsedef callback(self, result):with self.cond:self.queue.append(result)self.cond.notify()  # Wake up the generator.def __iter__(self):return selfdef __next__(self):with self.cond:# Wait for a value to be added to the queue.while not self.queue and not self.finished:self.cond.wait()if not self.queue:raise StopIteration()return self.queue.popleft()def finish(self):with self.cond:self.finished = Trueself.cond.notify()  # Wake up the generator if it's waiting.# 主函数截取
def get_answer_stream_iter(self):wsParam = Ws_Param(self.appid, self.api_key, self.api_secret, self.spark_url)websocket.enableTrace(False)wsUrl = wsParam.create_url()ws = websocket.WebSocketApp(wsUrl,on_message=self.on_message,on_error=self.on_error,on_close=self.on_close,on_open=self.on_open,)ws.appid = self.appidws.domain = self.domain# Initialize the CallbackToIteratorws.iterator = CallbackToIterator()# Start the WebSocket connection in a separate threadthread.start_new_thread(ws.run_forever, (), {"sslopt": {"cert_reqs": ssl.CERT_NONE}})# Iterate over the CallbackToIterator instanceanswer = ""total_tokens = 0for message in ws.iterator:data = json.loads(message)code = data["header"]["code"]if code != 0:ws.close()raise Exception(f"请求错误: {code}, {data}")else:choices = data["payload"]["choices"]status = choices["status"]content = choices["text"][0]["content"]if "usage" in data["payload"]:total_tokens = data["payload"]["usage"]["text"]["total_tokens"]answer += contentif status == 2:ws.iterator.finish()  # Finish the iterator when the status is 2ws.close()yield answer, total_tokens

截取了部分代码，这里先是定义ws.iterator = CallbackToIterator()然后通过迭代从for message in ws.iterator:拿出数据，看上去也是可行的